What is the function of the telomere? Telomeres prevent the ends of chromosomes from being damaged. Telomeres prevent the shortening of chromosomes during replication and the accidental fusion of two chromosomes at their ends.
What is the function of the telomere?
They protect the ends of our chromosomes by forming a cap, much like the plastic tip on shoelaces. If the telomeres were not there, our chromosomes may end up sticking to other chromosomes.
What is the normal role of telomerase quizlet?
Telomerase allows for telomere length and equilibrium maintenance by adding on repeats to the end of the chromosome. … This template region can be used to add to the ends of the chromosomes.
What are telomeres and what two protective functions do they serve quizlet?
What are the two protective functions of a telomere? 1) Proteins associated with telomeric DNA prevent the ends of the daughter molecule from activating the cell’s systems for monitoring cell damage. 2) Provides protection agains the organism’s genes shortening.
What’s the definition of a telomere?
Listen to pronunciation. (TEH-loh-meer) The end of a chromosome. Telomeres are made of repetitive sequences of non-coding DNA that protect the chromosome from damage.
What is telomere quizlet?
What is a telomere? A region of repetitive nucleotide sequences (single-stranded) at the end of a chromatid.
What is a telomere in biology quizlet?
What are telomeres? Telomeres are “caps” at the ends of chromosomes that protect your genes from being eroded each time a cell divides. Specifically they are repeating bases and proteins at the tips of chromosomes.
What is a telomerase quizlet?
Telomerase is an enzyme which. adds DNA sequences to the 3′ end of the telomere region of chromosomes. Telomeres protect the ends of chromosomes from. deterioration.
Which of the following best describes the function of telomerase at the telomere?
Which of the following best describes the function of telomerase at the telomere? It adds new DNA to the longer strand of the telomere overhang. Telomeres consist of direct repeat sequences. In the absence of telomerase activity, chromosomes are shortened slightly after every round of replication.
What are telomeres and what does the shortening of telomeres cause quizlet?
-Without telomerase: telomeres get progressively shorter and eventually lead to Go or death. >,Not active: get shorter each division and reach a threshold and prevents cell from getting through another cell division. ->,Depends on length on how many times can divide (lifespan) Telomeres (cancer)
What is telomere erosion and the role of telomerase?
Telomere Erosion is Complex, But Looks More Like a Measure of Damage than a Source of Damage. … They lengthen their telomeres through the activity of telomerase, an enzyme whose chief identified function is to add more repeating DNA sequences to the ends of telomeres.
What is the function of telomeres and why are they important to us what can result in the loss of telomere function?
Telomeres act as a protective cap at the end of chromosomes but are progressively shortened during mitotic divisions. Telomere depletion ultimately leads to replicative senescence, limiting the proliferative capacity of cells.
What is the role of telomeres in DNA replication?
Telomeres are the physical ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. They protect chromosome ends from DNA degradation, recombination, and DNA end fusions, and they are important for nuclear architecture. Telomeres provide a mechanism for their replication by semiconservative DNA replication and length maintenance by telomerase.
What is the normal role of telomerase?
Telomerase is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for progressive synthesis of telomeric DNA repeats (TTAGGG) at the 3′ ends of linear chromosomes, thereby reversing the loss of DNA from each round of replication.
What are telomeres quizlet the ends of linear chromosomes?
Terms in this set (5)
Telomeres serve as caps at the ends of linear chromosomes. What is false about them?
What is the structure of telomeres quizlet?
A telomere is whatever structure is present at the natural end of a linear chromosome that enables it to behave differently from a simple double-stranded DNA break in the genome. What does the DNA molecules of a typical chromosome contain?
How do telomeres factor into biological aging quizlet?
Telomeres shorten with age. But an enzyme called telomerase prevents shortening and can even reverse the trend, causing telomeres to lengthen and protect the aging cell. Random events theory, DNA in body cells is gradually damaged through spontaneous or externally caused mutations.
Why do telomeres get shorter in each cell division?
Telomeres are subjected to shortening at each cycle of cell division due to incomplete synthesis of the lagging strand during DNA replication owing to the inability of DNA polymerase to completely replicate the ends of chromosome DNA (“end-replication problem”) (Muraki et al., 2012).
What is the role of telomerase in DNA replication quizlet?
telomerase adds DNA nucleotides to the overhang and DNA polymerase extends the complimentary strand.
What is the RNA in telomerase doing quizlet?
What is the function of telomeres? They protect chromosome ends from recombination, fusion, or degradation. … Telomerase possesses a RNA template to elongate the end of the linear chromosome.
What are the main components of the enzyme telomerase quizlet?
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein (Protein + RNA) with an RNA primer. The RNA in telomeres serves as a template (150nt long). Stem cells and cancer cells express telomerase.
What are telomeres composed of?
A telomere is the end of a chromosome. Telomeres are made of repetitive sequences of non-coding DNA that protect the chromosome from damage. Each time a cell divides, the telomeres become shorter. Eventually, the telomeres become so short that the cell can no longer divide.
Which answer best describes the role of telomerase?
Which answer best describes the role of telomerase in replicating the ends of linear chromosomes? It catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres, compensating for the shortening that could occur during replication without telomerase activity. Telomere shortening puts a limit on the number of times a cell can divide.
What is RNA polymerase function?
RNA polymerase is an enzyme that is responsible for copying a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence, duyring the process of transcription. … RNA polymerases have been found in all species, but the number and composition of these proteins vary across taxa.
Is telomere a gene?
Telomeres do indeed play an essential role in stabilizing the ends of chromosomes, but they do not contain active genes. Instead, telomeres contain an array of highly repeated DNA sequences and specific binding proteins that form a unique structure at the end of the chromosome.
Why do telomeres get shorter in each cell division quizlet?
Every time a cell divides, the telomere gets a bit shorter. … Telomeres will becomes so short that additional cell division can cause the loss of functional, essential DNA<, and that means almost certain death for the cell.
What does telomere shortening predict?
Short telomeres may predict greater mortality and shorter longevity.
When telomeres protective structures at the end of chromosomes shorten to a critical length quizlet?
When telomeres, protective structures at the end of chromosomes, shorten to a critical length, the cell stops replicating.
How are telomeres important for preserving eukaryotic genes?
How are telomeres important for preserving eukaryotic gene? The ends of eukaryotic chromosomes become shorter with each round of DNA replication and telomeres at the ends of DNA molecules ensure that genes are not lost after numerous rounds of replication.
How do telomeres solve the end replication problem?
Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase that adds telomeric repeats to the 3′ ends of each chromosome (3). … The later acquisition of telomerase not only solved the end-replication problem but ensured the presence of the same sequence at all chromosome ends.
How do telomeres help prevent the growth of cancerous cells?
Cancer cells often avoid senescence or cell death by maintaining their telomeres despite repeated cell divisions. This is possible because the cancer cells activate an enzyme called telomerase, which adds genetic units onto the telomeres to prevent them from shortening to the point of causing senescence or cell death.