A sugar-phosphate backbone (alternating grey-dark grey) joins together nucleotides in a DNA sequence. The sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA. This backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality of the molecule.
What is the importance of the sugar-phosphate backbone?
The sugar-phosphate backbone, as mentioned, is an important component of DNA’s double helix structure. The structure of DNA is tied to its function. The pairing of the nitrogenous bases that are connected to the sugar-phosphate backbone play a key role in the ability of DNA to store and transfer genetic information.
What is the purpose of the sugar-phosphate group?
Sugar phosphates (sugars that have added or substituted phosphate groups) are often used in biological systems to store or transfer energy. They also form the backbone for DNA and RNA. Sugar phosphate backbone geometry is altered in the vicinity of the modified nucleotides.
What is the purpose of the backbone DNA?
A phosphate backbone is the portion of the DNA double helix that provides structural support to the molecule. DNA consists of two strands that wind around each other like a twisted ladder. Each strand has a backbone made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups.
What is the sugar backbone of DNA?
Explanation: DNA stands for “deoxyribonucleic acid.” The backbone of DNA is comprised of alternating sugar and phosphate units, in which the sugar is deoxyribose. The backbone of RNA is also comprised of sugar and phosphate units, but uses the sugar ribose.
What is the function of phosphate group in DNA?
The phosphate group is important in living things in different ways. Firstly, it is an important structural component of nucleotide, which is the basic structural unit of DNA and RNA. Secondly, it is a component of energy-rich molecules, such as ATP.
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Is peptide backbone of DNA is more stable than phosphate backbone of DNA?
PNA: Peptide Nucleic Acid as a more stable alternative to DNA and RNA for many applications. PNA is a synthetic analogue of DNA in which the ribose phosphate backbone has been replaced by a polyamide chain. … PNA is more stable than DNA or RNA as they are resistant to nucleases and proteases.
What holds the sugar-phosphate backbone together?
The sugar phosphate backbone has sugar rings, each with 5 carbons and an oxygen, that are held together by phosphodiester bonds.
How do phosphate groups stabilize DNA?
Structure of DNA
This is done by the sugar phosphate backbone twisting around itself in a coil. … DNA is very stable due to rungs of “ladder” is hydrophobic and phosphate sugar backbone of DNA is negatively charged. These features make DNA can repel water and would not hydrolysed and breakdown by the aqueous environment.
What type of sugar is used for the backbone of RNA?
ribose, also called D-ribose, five-carbon sugar found in RNA (ribonucleic acid), where it alternates with phosphate groups to form the “backbone” of the RNA polymer and binds to nitrogenous bases.
Is sugar a phosphate?
Sugar phosphates, which are phosphoric acid esters of monosaccharides, occur as intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism. Two of these compounds, namely, ribose phosphate and deoxyribose phosphate, are constituents of nucleotides and nucleic acids.
What kind of bond is between sugar and phosphate in DNA?
The type of bond that holds the phosphate group to the sugar in DNA’s backbone is called a phosphodiester bond. Hydrogen bonds connect bases to one another and glycosidic bonds occur between deoxyribose groups and the base groups.
What are phosphate groups?
Phosphate group: A functional group characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms (three single bonds and one double bond). One of these oxygen atoms must be bonded to another atom, if not, the structure is a phosphate ion. Generic phosphate group molecular structure. Phosphoric acid.
What macromolecule has a sugar-phosphate backbone?
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a long macromolecule built from nucleotides strung together along a sugar-phosphate backbone.
How would the deoxyribose sugar-phosphate backbone?
How would a deoxyribose sugar-phosphate backbone of nucleotide chains look if purines paired only with purines and pyrimidines paired only with pyrimidines? The sugar-phosphate backbone would look like a zig-zag because purines are larger than pyrimidines.
Where are the phosphate groups in DNA?
The phosphate group is attached to the 5′ carbon of one nucleotide and the 3′ carbon of the next nucleotide. In its natural state, each DNA molecule is actually composed of two single strands held together along their length with hydrogen bonds between the bases.
What is the DNA of type of sugar?
DNA vs. RNA – 5 Key Differences and Comparison
| Comparison | DNA |
|---|---|
| Sugar | The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, which contains one less hydroxyl group than RNA’s ribose. |
| Bases | The bases in DNA are Adenine (‘A’), Thymine (‘T’), Guanine (‘G’) and Cytosine (‘C’). |
| Base Pairs | Adenine and Thymine pair (A-T) Cytosine and Guanine pair (C-G) |
Which macromolecule has A sugar-phosphate backbone quizlet?
The sugar-phosphate backbone of RNA is made up of the sugar ribose. In addition, RNA uses a nitrogenous base called uracil in place of thymine. Like thymine, uracil is complementary to adenine.
How do you make A sugar-phosphate backbone?
SUGAR PHOSPHATE BACKBONE Simplified – YouTube
Which of the following represent the backbone of the DNA molecule?
The deoxyribose and the phosphate groups form the backbone of the nucleic acid molecule.
Which of the following is used to form covalent bonds in the sugar-phosphate backbone between fragments of DNA?
Phosphodiester bonding between nucleotides forms the sugar-phosphate backbone, the alternating sugar-phosphate structure composing the framework of a nucleic acid strand (Figure 3).
What type of bond connects the sugar-phosphate backbone to a nitrogenous base?
There are five common nitrogenous bases, adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine and uracil. Nucleotides are joined together by covalent bonds between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the third carbon atom of the pentose sugar in the next nucleotide.
What kind of backbone do molecules form?
Life is based on carbon, organic chemistry studies compounds in which carbon is a central element. The properties of carbon make it the backbone of the organic molecules which form living matter. Carbon is a such a versatile element because it can form four covalent bonds.
What is the role of the sugar and phosphate groups in the structure of nucleic acids?
The sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA. … The sugar-phosphate backbone is negatively charged and hydrophilic, which allows the DNA backbone to form bonds with water.
When cytosine is connected to the deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate its name becomes?
When cytosine is connected to the deoxyribose sugar and phosphate, its name becomes: cytosine cytidine monophosphate cytidine cytosine monophosphate.
What is the structural difference between the sugar found in RNA and the sugar found in DNA?
There are two differences that distinguish DNA from RNA: (a) RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains the slightly different sugar deoxyribose (a type of ribose that lacks one oxygen atom), and (b) RNA has the nucleobase uracil while DNA contains thymine.
What aspect of the sugar is unique to RNA?
What aspect of the sugar is unique to RNA? It contains a double ring base.
Where are the sugar-phosphate backbones and the nitrogenous bases located in the DNA double helix?
DNA has a double-helix structure, with sugar and phosphate on the outside of the helix, forming the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA. The nitrogenous bases are stacked in the interior in pairs, like the steps of a staircase, the pairs are bound to each other by hydrogen bonds.
What is the bond between the phosphate and deoxyribose?
This type of bond is called a glycosidic bond. The phosphate group forms a bond with the deoxyribose sugar through an ester bond between one of its negatively charged oxygen groups and the 5′ -OH of the sugar ().