The Gingival Index (GI) scores each site on a 0 to 3 scale, with 0 being normal and 3 being severe inflammation characterized by edema, redness, swelling, and spontaneous bleeding4 (Table 2-2). This measurement is based on the presence or absence of bleeding on gentle probing.
What is a gingival index score?
The GI uses the following scoring system: 0 = normal gingiva, 1 = mild inflammation: slight change in color, slight edema, no bleeding on probing, 2 = moderate inflammation: redness, edema, and glazing, or bleeding on probing, 3 = severe inflammation: marked redness and edema, tendency toward spontaneous bleeding, …
How do you calculate gingival index?
The GI of the individual can be obtained by adding the values of each tooth and dividing by the number of teeth examined. The Gingival Index may be scored for all surfaces of all or selected teeth or for selected areas of all or selected teeth.
What is Silness and Loe plaque index?
Silness-Löe Index
The measurement of the state of oral hygiene by Silness-Löe plaque index is based on recording both soft debris and mineralized deposits on the following teeth: Missing teeth are not substituted. Each of the four surfaces of the teeth (buccal, lingual, mesial and distal) is given a score from 0-3.
What is the periodontal disease index?
The PDI is the total of the scores for each tooth divided by the number of teeth examined: the higher the score, the more severe the periodontal disease. Further Reading: Ramfjord S. P. The Periodontal Disease Index (PDI).
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How is gingivitis measured?
Measuring the pocket depth of the groove between your gums and your teeth by inserting a dental probe beside your tooth beneath your gum line, usually at several sites throughout your mouth. In a healthy mouth, the pocket depth is usually between 1 and 3 millimeters (mm).
Which finding indicates healthy gingiva?
The gingiva is a special mucosa that protects the attachment of your tooth to the bone of your jaw. When it is healthy, gingiva is pinkish in color and stippled on its surface owing to something called “keratin.” Unattached mucosa is not a keratinized tissue.
Where is the gingiva?
The tissue of the upper and lower jaws that surrounds the base of the teeth. Also called gums. Anatomy of the oral cavity.
How do you calculate Dmft and Dmfs?
Definition: DMFT is the sum of the number of Decayed, Missing due to caries, and Filled Teeth in the permanent teeth. The mean number of DMFT is the sum of individual DMFT values divided by the sum of the population. The 12-year-old is one of the WHO indicator age groups.
What is a plaque index used for?
The Cleaning of Teeth
Clinical plaque indices are used to evaluate the level and rate of plaque formation on tooth surfaces, and to test the efficacy of oral care products for removal and prevention of plaque deposits from these surfaces.
What is a good plaque score?
The Cleaning of Teeth
Clinical plaque indices are used to evaluate the level and rate of plaque formation on tooth surfaces, and to test the efficacy of oral care products for removal and prevention of plaque deposits from these surfaces.
How do you calculate plaque percentage?
Simply multiply the number of teeth by four to calculate the number of interproximal surfaces, or by six for the total number of surfaces measured. Patients with periodontal disease often start with scores of 25/100 to 85/140 or more.
How is BOP calculated in dentistry?
The number of sites where bleeding is recorded is divided by the total number of available sites in the mouth and multiplied by 100 to express the bleeding index as a percentage.
Is periodontal Index reversible?
The PI is a composite index because it records both the reversible changes due to gingivitis &, the more destructive &, presumably irreversible changes brought about by deeper periodontal disease. 13.
What is modified gingival index?
The Modified Gingival Index (MGI) uses a visual scale to assess gingival health. The MGI relies on a visual assessment of gingival changes to measure the severity of inflammation.
What is Fremitus test in periodontics?
Fremitus is the vibration or movement of a tooth when teeth come into contact together. If you were to take your fingernail and put it on the front surface of a tooth and have the patient close together, and the tooth moved, that’s fremitus.
What do the numbers mean when they check your gums?
As a patient, you want to hear a smaller number. That means that you have a smaller gap between the tooth and gum, a sign of a healthy mouth. A larger or a higher number indicates that you have gum issues such as plaque and tartar buildup. If you hear numbers of 0 or 1, you are doing pretty well.
What does a gum score of 4 mean?
It is where we are in the balance between health and disease. The biofilm increases or the risk factor balance changes and you have a diagnosis of gum disease. Score 4. 4 indicates gum disease, if you are diagnosed with gum disease we can work with you to create a thorough plan on how to best treat this.
What does a periodontal reading of 2 mm mean?
2-3 mm is considered healthy and physiologic and anything over 5 mm usually indicates that the bone that supports your tooth has begun to be destroyed by disease.To give you something to compare with, a pencil eraser is typically about 5 mm in diameter.
Why gingiva is scalloped?
Thin gingival tissue is associated with a thin band of the keratinized tissue, scalloped gingival contour suggestive of thin bony architecture and is more sensitive to inflammation and trauma.
What size is gingiva?
The surface of gingiva is keratinised and may exhibit an orange peel appearance, called ‘stippling’. The width of attached gingiva can vary dramatically between patients and within an individual’s mouth, from as little as 1 mm to over 10 mm.
What are the types of gingiva?
There are two types of gingivae that are clearly recognizable and they are known as the marginal gingiva that is mobile, and the attached gingiva.
What is normal gingiva?
Healthy gingiva is described as ‘salmon’ or ‘coral pink’. It may be pigmented, which reflects the ethnic origin of the subject. The gingiva is firm in consistency and firmly attached to the underlying alveolar bone. The surface of gingiva is keratinised and may exhibit an orange peel appearance, called ‘stippling’.
What is the upper gingiva?
The gingiva (or gum) is a fibroepithelial mucosal tissue that surrounds the teeth and covers the alveolar jawbone. The alveolar process is the tooth-bearing area of the jaws. It is composed of a dense outer cortex (known as the cortical plate) and looser inner trabecular (or medullary) bone.
What is gingiva made of?
The gingiva is composed of fibrous tissue covered by mucous membrane that is firmly attached to the periosteum of the alveolar processes of the mandible and maxilla. The lower gingiva includes the mucosa covering the mandible from the gingival-buccal gutter to the origins of the mobile mucosa on the floor of the mouth.
What is the difference between Dmfs and Dmft?
The DMF index has rules that apply to scoring an individual tooth or surface. Each tooth (DMFT) or surface (DMFS) may be counted only once, and decayed, even secondary caries, takes precedence over filled teeth/surfaces. A similar approach is used for the primary dentition, which consists of a maximum of 20 teeth.
Who modified DMFT index?
Anaise JZ: Measurement of dental caries experience – modification of the DMFT index. Com- munity Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1984, 12: 43-6.
Who introduced Dmft?
It was proposed by Klein et al. in 1938 as an index of decayed, filled, and missed permanent teeth to evaluate the prevalence of coronal caries [3].
How do you use the O’Leary plaque index?
Plaque Control Score – YouTube
What is plaque score?
The Plaque Control Record is a very simple percentage or score of the total amount of bacteria present in your mouth. A tooth has 4 surfaces at the gum line being, the cheek side, tongue side, front side, and back side.
What is RSD in dentistry?
Root Surface Debridement (RSD)
The pockets in your gum which form around your teeth are regularly monitored. Left unchecked, plaque and calculus build up on the teeth above AND below the gum line.
What does BOP mean in dentistry?
The term bleeding on probing (BoP), which is also called bleeding gums or gingival bleeding, is used by dental professionals to describe bleeding induced by gentle manipulation of the tissue. The probing is typically completed to the depth of the gingival sulcus, or the area between the gingiva and the tooth.
What is furcation area?
1. Furcation is the anatomical area where the roots divide. Therefore, furcation defect (also called furcation involvement) refers to bone loss at the branching point of the roots. Furcation can only be present on multi-rooted teeth, not single-rooted teeth.
What is BOP in dental hygiene?
Traditionally, bleeding on probing (BOP) has been used to diagnose the presence of periodontal diseases, and it is a reliable indicator of gingival inflammation, especially when used in conjunction with other factors.
How do you check periodontal index?
Four gingival units are scored systematically for each tooth: the labial and lingual marginal gingival (M units) and the mesial and distal papillary gingival (P units). Scores for these units are added and divided by four gives the sulcus bleeding index.
What is Russell’s rule?
In mathematical logic, Russell’s paradox (also known as Russell’s antinomy) is a set-theoretic paradox discovered by the British philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell in 1901. Russell’s paradox shows that every set theory that contains an unrestricted comprehension principle leads to contradictions.
What is pocket depth?
Measure the pocket depth of the groove between your gums and teeth by placing a dental probe beside your tooth beneath your gumline, usually at several sites throughout your mouth. In a healthy mouth, the pocket depth is usually between 1 and 3 millimeters (mm). Pockets deeper than 4 mm may indicate periodontitis.
How is MGI measured?
Measuring for Minimally Attached Gingiva – YouTube
Who developed gingival index?
PMA Index (Schour and MassleV ~’) One of the first quantitative gingival indices is the PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY: Volume 3, Number 4 353 Page 2 P-M-A Index developed by Schour and Massler in 1944-1947, probably derived from the index suggested by King.